Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are naturally occurring acidic polysaccharides with wide
applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and health foods. The diverse biological …

Heparosan as the precursor for heparin biosynthesis has attracted intensive attention while
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been applied as a chassis for heparosan …

Sugar substitutes are popular due to their akin taste and low calories. However, excessive
use of aspartame and erythritol can have varying effects. While D‐allulose is presently …

The pET system is commonly used for producing foreign proteins in Escherichia coli, but its
reliance on the costly and metabolically demanding inducer IPTG limits its industrial use …

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are hollow bacterial cell envelopes with intact cellular structures,
presenting as promising candidates for various biotechnological and biomedical …

The probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) holds significant promise for use
in clinical and biological industries. However, the reliance on antibiotics to maintain plasmid …

Phospholipids are widely utilized in various industries, including food, medicine, and
cosmetics, due to their unique chemical properties and healthcare benefits. Phospholipase …

Despite the advances of multistep enzymatic cascade reactions, their incorporation with
abiotic reactions in living organisms remains challenging in synthetic biology. Herein, we …

The evaluation of pathobiome strains should be conducted at the strain level, involving the
identification of the functional genes, while considering the impact of ecological niche and …

Many multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria evolved through accumulation of antibiotic-
resistance genes (ARGs). Although the potential risk of probiotics as reservoirs of ARGs has …