Safe and effective use of drugs requires an understanding of metabolism and transport. We
identified the 100 most prescribed drugs in six countries and conducted a literature search …

Background & Aims More than 20% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
discontinue thiopurine therapy because of severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs); …

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin are the most commonly prescribed oral
anticoagulants worldwide. However, factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of VKAs, such as …

Phenoconversion transiently converts genotypic extensive metabolizers (EMs) into
phenotypic poor metabolizers (PMs) of drugs, potentially with corresponding changes in …

Background Warfarin is the most widely used oral anticoagulant worldwide, but serious
bleeding complications are common. We tested whether genetic variants can identify …

Pre‐emptive pharmacogenetics (PG x) testing of a panel of germline genetic variants
represents a new model for personalized medicine. Clinical impact of PG x testing is …

Genotype‐guided warfarin dosing algorithms are a rational approach to optimize warfarin
dosing and potentially reduce adverse drug events. Diverse populations, such as African …

Importance Significant variations in dose requirements of warfarin and its analogues
(acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon) make selecting the appropriate dose for an …

The development of new knowledge around the genetic determinants of variable drug action
has naturally raised the question of how this new knowledge can be used to improve the …

Edoxaban is a once-daily oral anticoagulant that rapidly and selectively inhibits factor Xa in
a concentration-dependent manner. This review describes the extensive clinical …