Part I of this article discussed the potential functional importance of genetic mutations and
alleles of the human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) gene. The impact of CYP2D6 …

The application of pharmacogenetics holds great promise for individualized therapy.
However, it has little clinical reality at present, despite many claims. The main problem is that …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical host resistance factor against tuberculosis. However,
excess TNF produces susceptibility by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species …

Observations over the later half of the last century have suggested that genetic factors may
be the prime determinant of drug response, at least for some drugs. Retrospectively …

ABSTRACT Perhexiline, 2‐(2, 2‐dicyclohexylethyl) piperidine, was originally developed as
an anti‐anginal drug in the 1970s. Despite its success, its use diminished due to the …

ABSTRACT M2-like tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor progression by
establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The phenotype and activity of …

Background The presence and extent of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major
determinant of symptoms in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). There is …

The notion of personalized medicine has developed from the application of the discipline of
pharmacogenetics to clinical medicine. Although the clinical relevance of genetically …

Across the globe over the last few decades, there has been a remarkable increase in the
proportion of the population which is elderly, and this trend is set to continue. Data from 10 …

Pharmacogenetic factors operate at pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic levels—
the two components of the dose–response curve of a drug. Polymorphisms in drug …