Animal models of cancer have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the
biology of tumor initiation and progression, in studying gene function and in performing …

Sex steroid hormones such as estrogens and androgens are involved in the development
and differentiation of the breast tissue. The activity and concentration of sex steroids is …

Background The androgen receptor (AR) is an emerging prognostic marker and therapeutic
target in breast cancer. AR is expressed in 60–80% of breast cancers, with higher …

Purpose: Androgen receptor (AR) expression has been observed in about 70% of patients
with breast cancer, but its prognostic role remains uncertain. Experimental Design: To …

The androgen receptor (AR) is a drug target in breast cancer, and AR-targeted therapies
have induced tumor responses in breast cancer patients. In this review, we summarized the …

Recent studies have highlighted the role of androgen receptor (AR) as a prognostic
biomarker of breast cancer. However, its predictive role in disease free survival (DFS) and …

Introduction The two isoforms of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta play opposite roles
in regulating proliferation and differentiation of breast cancers, with ER-alpha mediating …

Steroid hormone receptors (SRs) have a multitude of functions in human biology and
disease progression. The SR family of related ligand-activated transcription factors includes …

The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in the majority of breast cancer and across the
three main breast cancer subtypes. Historically, the oncogenic role of AR has best been …

Purpose: To evaluate whether tumor androgen receptor (AR) expression was prognostic
and/or predictive for endocrine treatment alone or in combination with estrogen receptor …