Backgrounds: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung
disease (ILD) that develops in response to the inhalation of various antigens. The clinical …

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex disease with a highly variable
clinical course and generally poor prognosis. Classified as a rare disease, significant …

Background Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has been introduced as an alternative
to surgical lung biopsy (SLB) in the diagnostics of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Despite …

Abstract Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare genetic disorder causing
widespread deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the alveolar space. A hallmark of …

Guidelines for the clinical management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have advanced
from being consensus based in 2000 to evidence based in 2011 (1, 2). The first evidence …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe progressive and irreversible lung disease.
Novel antifibrotic drugs that slow disease progression are now available. However, many …

Bronchoscopy in children has been utilized primarily to diagnose airway anomalies and
obtain bronchoalveolar lavage. Gradual development of thinner bronchoscopes and …

ABSTRACT Background Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy (TBLC) is a novel technique,
available globally only in a limited number of centers. Since the data on the role of TBLCs …

Background. Transbronchial lung cryobiopsies (TBLCs) are a promising diagnostic tool in
the setting of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs). However, no comparison with …

The indications and utility of flexible bronchoscopy have expanded over the past few
decades with major innovations in design and development of new tools for endobronchial …