Over the past two decades, elucidation of the genetic defects that underlie cancer has
resulted in a plethora of novel targeted cancer drugs. Although these agents can initially be …

Tumor mutational burden (TMB), defined as the number of somatic mutations per megabase
of interrogated genomic sequence, varies across malignancies. Panel sequencing–based …

PURPOSE Nivolumab received US Food and Drug Administration approval as a single
agent or in combination with ipilimumab in patients with microsatellite instability …

Abstract Background Programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade has clinical benefit in
microsatellite-instability–high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair–deficient (dMMR) tumors after …

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third most prevalent cause of cancer-
related death, is a frequent primary liver cancer with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. T …

Microsatellite unstable (MSI) colorectal cancers (CRCs) are due to DNA mismatch repair
(MMR) deficiency and occurs in15% of non-metastatic diseases and 5% in the metastatic …

The patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)
tumors recently have been reported that can benefit from immunotherapy, and MSI can be …

Background In the KEYNOTE-177 study, pembrolizumab monotherapy provided statistically
significant and clinically meaningful improvements in progression-free survival versus …

Remarkable progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted
therapies for patients with multiple cancer types, including melanoma, breast and lung …

Importance Single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition has not shown activities in advanced
refractory colorectal cancer (CRC), other than in those patients who are microsatellite …