Exosomes are small, single-membrane, secreted organelles of∼ 30 to∼ 200 nm in
diameter that have the same topology as the cell and are enriched in selected proteins …

Virtually all cells in the organism secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous
population of lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles that transport and deliver payloads …

The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapy for liver disease holds
great promise. MSCs can differentiate into hepatocytes, reduce liver inflammation, promote …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal
cancers in the world. Due to the insidiousness of the onset of HCC and the lack of effective …

An effective immune response requires the engagement of host receptors by pathogen‐
derived molecules and the stimulation of an appropriate cellular response. Therefore, a …

Antibodies targeting receptor-mediated entry of HCV into hepatocytes confer limited
therapeutic benefits. Evidence suggests that exosomes can transfer genetic materials …

Recent evidence indicates there is a role for small membrane vesicles, including exosomes,
as vehicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by most cell types can …

Viral nucleic acids often trigger an innate immune response in infected cells. Many viruses,
including hepatitis C virus (HCV), have evolved mechanisms to evade intracellular …

The release of membrane-bound vesicles from cells is being increasingly recognized as a
mechanism of intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes are …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular
communication, being involved in a wide array of key biological processes. Eukaryotic cells …