Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbonyl, chlorine, bromine, and iodine species (RXS,
where X= O, N, S, C, Cl, Br, and I) have important roles in various normal physiological …

Lignin, a by-product of processing lignocellulosic materials, has a polyphenolic structure
and can be used as an antioxidant directly or synergistically with synthetic types of …

The redox equilibrium is important in preserving the correct functionality of vital cellular
functions. Oxidative stress occurs in both nucleated and non-nucleated cells, and is defined …

Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of
retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology …

Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs a range of necessary functions within the
neural layers of the retina and helps ensure vision. The regulation of pro-oxidative and …

Ferulic acid has numerous beneficial effects on human health, which are frequently
attributed to its antioxidant behavior. In this report, many of them are reviewed, and 185 new …

A cataract is a condition that causes 17 million people to experience blindness and is the
most significant cause of vision loss, around 47.9%. The formation of cataracts is linked to …

Eye health is crucial, and the onset of diseases can reduce vision and affect the quality of life
of patients. The main causes of progressive and irreversible vision loss include various …

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is reported to cause cataract formation by inducing excessive
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) …