In the ancient anaerobic environment, ferrous iron (Fe2+) was one of the first metal
cofactors. Oxygenation of the ancient world challenged bacteria to acquire the insoluble …

Control of metal homeostasis is essential for life in all kingdoms. In most prokaryotic
organisms the FUR (ferric uptake regulator) family of transcriptional regulators is involved in …

While iron is essential to sustain growth, its excess can be detrimental to the cell by
generating highly toxic reactive oxygen species. Regulation of iron homeostasis thus plays a …

Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species is a universal
feature of life in an aerobic environment. Bacteria express enzymes to detoxify H2O2 and to …

For most living organisms, iron is both essential and potentially toxic, making the precise
maintenance of iron homeostasis necessary for survival. To manage this paradox, bacteria …

The WHO has recently classified Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a super-bacterium due to the
rapid spread of antibiotic resistant derivatives and an overall dramatic increase in infection …

Background Maintenance of an anaerobic denitrification system in the obligate human
pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, suggests that an anaerobic lifestyle may be important …

Gonorrhea is a highly prevalent disease resulting in significant morbidity worldwide, with an
estimated 106 cases reported annually. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of …

Increasing antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea,
is a growing global concern that has renewed vaccine development efforts. The gonococcal …

To ensure survival in the host, bacteria have evolved strategies to acquire the essential
element iron. In Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the ferric uptake regulator Fur regulates metabolism …