Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer
membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular …

Traditional treatment approaches for cancer involve intravenous chemotherapy or other
forms of drug delivery. These therapeutic measures suffer from several limitations such as …

The role of cosmetic products is rapidly evolving in our society, with their use increasingly
seen as an essential contribution to personal wellness. This suggests the necessity of a …

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are of increasing interest for their unique properties and their
biocompatability, minimal toxicity, multivalency and size tunability make them exciting drug …

Cyclodextrin-based polymers (CDPs) are amphiphilic macromolecules owing to their unique
structure and the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups. These polymers have become …

Carriers are equally important as drugs. They can substantially improve bioavailability of
cargos and safeguard healthy cells from toxic effects of certain therapeutics. Recently …

Polymeric micelles (PMs) have made significant progress in drug delivery applications. A
robust core–shell structure, kinetic stability and the inherent ability to solubilize hydrophobic …

Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in varieties
of solid tumors including pancreatic, breast, ovary, brain, and lung cancers. It is a multi …

The conventional cancer treatment modalities such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy
suffer from several limitations; hence, their efficiency needs to be improved with other …

Treatment options for retinal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular
degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular disorders, have markedly expanded …