Immune tolerance deletes or suppresses autoreactive lymphocytes and is established at
multiple levels during the development, activation and effector phases of T and B cells …

Coeliac disease, an inflammatory disease of the small intestine, shares key features with
autoimmune disorders, such as susceptibility genes, presence of autoantibodies and T cell …

Th17 cells provide protection at barrier tissues but may also contribute to immune pathology.
The relevance and induction mechanisms of pathologic Th17 responses in humans are …

In order to survey a universe of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented peptide
antigens whose numbers greatly exceed the diversity of the T cell repertoire, T cell receptors …

A key event in the generation of a cellular response against malicious organisms through
the endocytic pathway is binding of peptidic antigens by major histocompatibility complex …

Parasites and infectious diseases are everywhere and represent some of the most potent
forces shaping the natural world. They affect almost every aspect imaginable in the life of …

Although T cell memory is generally thought to require direct antigen exposure, we found an
abundance of memory-phenotype cells (20%–90%, averaging over 50%) of CD4+ T cells …

Clinical and epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between infectious
agents and chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer. Better understanding of microbial …

The hallmark of type 1 diabetes is specific destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells. Apoptosis of
β-cells may be crucial at several points during disease progression, initiating leukocyte …

Cross-priming is an important mechanism to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for
immune defence against viruses and tumours. Although it was discovered more than 25 …