Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable global health burden
and is currently the 4th largest cause of death in the world. Importantly, much of the disease …

After more than two decades of research into phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors,
roflumilast (3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxy-N-[3, 5-di-chloropyrid-4-yl]-benzamide) …

Background Systemic effects of COPD are incompletely reflected by established prognostic
assessments. We determined the prognostic value of objectively measured physical activity …

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in the last 3 decades, and this
increase has led to important changes in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of many …

Cytokines play an important part in many pathobiological processes of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), including the chronic inflammatory process, emphysema, and …

Circulating levels of adiponectin (APN) are reduced in obesity and associated comorbidities,
with inflammation playing an important role in downregulating APN production. In contrast to …

The aims of this systematic review were to determine which blood-based molecules have
been evaluated as possible biomarkers to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Background There is a need for biomarkers to better characterise individuals with COPD
and to aid with the development of therapeutic interventions. A panel of putative blood …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Low‐grade systemic inflammation is considered a hallmark of COPD that …

Adipose tissue produces leptin and adiponectin–energy-regulating adipokines that may also
play a role in inflammatory pulmonary conditions, as suggested by some murine studies …