The protooncogene c-fos is rapidly activated after noxious stimuli to express the protein Fos
in spinal dorsal horn neurons that are in the 'correct'locations for nociceptive information …

The polypeptide hormone calcitonin is well known clinically for its ability to relieve
osteoporotic back pain and neuropathic pain such as spinal canal stenosis, diabetic …

The antinociceptive actions of honokiol and magnolol, two major bioactive constituents of
the bark of Magnolia officinalis, were evaluated using tail-flick, hot-plate and formalin tests in …

The effect of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (5R, 10S)-(+)-5-methyl-
10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a, d] cyclo-hepten-5, 10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801) was …

Peripheral tissue injury and inflammation may result in a facilitated spinal nociceptive
transmission and central sensitization. Particularly, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins …

We examined the effects of the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid
(AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonists 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2, 3‐dione (CNQX) and …

The method of c-fos immunodetection was used to map the distributions of neurons in the
lumbar spinal dorsal horn that were activated following intracutaneous (ic) microinjection, or …

The effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor antagonist JTC-801 on
allodynia and hyperalgesia were examined in rats in order to explore the involvement of …

Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in clinical
situations to reduce inflammation and pain. Percutaneous administration is one of the routes …

Background Calcitonin is used as a treatment to reduce the blood calcium concentration in
hypercalcemia and to improve bone mass in osteoporosis. An analgesic effect of calcitonin …