In one decade, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) has become
a new pillar of cancer treatment following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted …

Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a revolutionary
cancer treatment modality, offering long-lasting responses and survival benefits for a …

Recent technological advancements in testing and monitoring instrumentation have greatly
contributed to the progress in cancer treatment by surgical, chemotherapeutic and …

Simple Summary Innate immune natural killer (NK) cells are capable of killing metastatic
cancer cells without activation by antigen-presenting cells beforehand. The cytotoxic effects …

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, placing a significant burden on
healthcare systems as well as the global economy. Rare cancers comprise a group of about …

Immune checkpoints (ICs), also referred to as co-inhibitory receptors (IRs), are essential for
regulating immune cell function to maintain tolerance and prevent autoimmunity. IRs, such …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent and deadly neoplasms worldwide.
According to GLOBOCAN predictions, its incidence will increase from 1.15 million CRC …

Background Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy narrows the efficacy of
cancer immunotherapy. Although 4-1BB is a promising drug target as a costimulatory …

The past few decades have witnessed the rise of immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal (GI)
tract cancers. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death …

Natural killer cells are members of the innate immune system and promote cytotoxic activity
against tumor or infected cells independently from MHC recognition. NK cells are modulated …