Pioneering biochemical studies have long forged the concept that the mitochondria are the
'energy powerhouse of the cell'. These studies, combined with the unique evolutionary origin …

The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) small GTPases regulate vesicular traffic and organelle
structure by recruiting coat proteins, regulating phospholipid metabolism and modulating the …

The cellular functions of the actin cytoskeleton require precise regulation of both the
initiation of actin polymerization and the organization of the resulting filaments. The actin …

▪ Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi comprise the first two steps in
protein secretion. Vesicular carriers mediate a continuous flux of proteins and lipids between …

Experiments using mammalian epithelial cell lines have elucidated biosynthetic and
recycling pathways for apical and basolateral plasma-membrane proteins, and have …

The functional consequences of signaling receptor endocytosis are determined by the
endosomal sorting of receptors between degradation and recycling pathways. How …

Since the discovery of insulin roughly 80 yr ago, much has been learned about how target
cells receive, interpret, and respond to this peptide hormone. For example, we now know …

The establishment of cell polarity is critical for the development of many organisms and for
the function of many cell types. A large number of studies of diverse organisms from yeast to …

Trafficking between membrane compartments is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells and
relies on transport carriers that bud and fission from a donor membrane, before being …

A tendency in cell biology is to divide and conquer. For example, decades of painstaking
work have led to an understanding of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi structure …