Substances of abuse are known to activate and disrupt neuronal circuits in the brain reward
system. We propose a simple and easily interpretable dynamical systems model to describe …

The central dogma of molecular biology is responsible for the crucial flow of genetic
information from DNA to protein through the transcription and translation process. Although …

Introduction Fetal programming was characterized a few decades ago, explaining the
correlation of physiological phenotypes of offspring exposed to early‐life stress. High acute …

Withdrawal from cocaine induces an immediate and powerful negative affective state which
is characterized by feelings of agitation and anxiety in humans and anxiety-like behaviors in …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder, which enforces a person to
compulsively seek alcohol, restricting control over alcohol intake leads to emergence of an …

The effect of electronic cigarettes (ECs) on selective attention to smoking cues is unknown.
Vaping may reduce attentional bias (AB), thereby reducing risk of relapse. Former smokers …

Kecanduan narkoba dan zat adiktif adalah gangguan mental kronis yang sering kambuh
yang ditandai dengan keinginan yang sangat kuat untuk menggunakan obat tersebut …

Progress in delineating the neurocognitive correlates of important aspects of mental health
has been limited by the use of clinical taxonomies for research purposes. For example, the …