Biologic therapies that target pathogenic cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β or IL-6 have greatly
improved the treatment of RA. Unfortunately, not all RA patients respond to current biologic …

The balance of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 plays a key role in
shaping the development of antitumor or protumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the …

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease belonging to the family of
spondyloarthropathies (SpA). PsA commonly aggravates psoriasis of the skin and frequently …

Objectives In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a complex cytokine network drives chronic
inflammation and joint destruction. So far, few attempts have been made to identify the …

Objectives Interleukin (IL)-38 is a newly characterised cytokine that belongs to the IL-1
family. This cytokine is expressed in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue and IL-38 …

Introduction The aim of this study was to quantify the number of T-helper (TH)-17 cells
present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) and to determine the level of …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are central in inducing immunity and in mediating immune tolerance in
their role as professional antigen-presenting cells. In the absence of DCs, a fatal …

Th17 cells are critically involved in autoimmune disease induction and severity. Recently,
we showed that Th17 cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) directly induced a …

The IL-12 family members, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35, are heterodimeric cytokines that
share subunits and have important roles in autoimmunity. As well as their structural …

Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disorder, which is
considered in a subset of patients to be an autoimmune disorder. T helper 17 (Th17) cells …