The sustainable production of chemicals from renewable, nonedible biomass has emerged
as an essential alternative to address pressing environmental issues arising from our heavy …

Terpenoids are a large class of plant-derived compounds, that constitute the main
components of essential oils and are widely used as natural flavors and fragrances. The …

Nowadays, the vastly increasing demand for novel biotechnological products is supported
by the continuous development of biocatalytic applications which provide sustainable green …

Geraniol is a valuable monoterpene extensively used in the fragrance, food, and cosmetic
industries. Increasing environmental concerns and supply gaps have motivated efforts to …

Heparin, the most widely used anticoagulant drug, is mainly acquired from livestock.
Variable structures and contaminations of other glycosaminoglycans of animal-sourced …

Filamentous fungi are a large and diverse taxonomically group of microorganisms found in
all habitats worldwide. They grow as a network of cells called hyphae. Since filamentous …

Itaconic acid (IA), an important five-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, is one of the top 12
renewable chemicals with an urgent need to reduce industrial production costs. Halomonas …

Host defense peptides (HDPs) are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial
activities against infectious bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Increasing evidence suggests that …

Plants offer several unique advantages in the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals for
humans and animals. Although numerous recombinant proteins have been expressed in …

Understanding the genetic design principles that determine protein production remains a
major challenge. Although the key principles of gene expression were discovered 50 years …