Ovarian immature teratomas (OITs) are malignant tumors originating from the ovarian germ
cells that mainly occur during the first 30 y of a female's life. Early age of onset strongly …

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9)
are oocyte-specific paracrine factors which regulate ovarian cumulus cell (CC) functions …

Background Proteins of the TGFβ family, which are largely studied as homodimers, are also
known to form heterodimers with biological activity distinct from their component …

Numerous studies on prolific sheep breeds have shown that the transforming growth factor
beta (TGF-β) superfamily members, including bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B …

Background Development of ovarian follicles is regulated by a complex interaction of intra‐
and extra‐follicular signals. Oocyte‐derived paracrine factors (ODPFs) play a central role in …

The poor egg-laying performance and short peak egg-laying period restrict the economic
benefits of enterprises relating to the Taihe black-bone silky fowl. Ovaries are the main …

Mammalian oocytes develop and mature in a mutually dependent relationship with
surrounding cumulus cells. The oocyte actively regulates cumulus cell differentiation and …

Simple Summary BMP15 is a critical gene in sheep reproduction. Most of its variations have
been reported in European sheep. In this study, the entire open reading frame (ORF) region …

Abstract Activin receptor‑like kinase-5 (ALK5) is an outstanding member of the transforming
growth factor-β (TGF-β) family.(TGF-β) signaling pathway integrates pleiotropic proteins that …

In vitro maturation (IVM) is an alternative assisted reproductive technology with reduced
hormone-related side effects and treatment burden compared to conventional IVF …