The tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex and involves many different cell types that
seemingly work together in helping cancer cells evade immune monitoring and survive …

Background Bladder cancer (BC) is a disease with significant heterogeneity and poor
prognosis. The prognosis and therapeutic response of BC patients are significantly …

Introduction The intravascular formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a trigger
for coagulation and blood vessel occlusion. NETs are released from neutrophils as a …

Interleukins (ILs) are the group of cytokines firstly identified as expressed by leukocytes and
playing different immunomodulatory functions. With increasing evidence of a constant …

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the guideline-based drug for antithrombotic
treatment of cancer patients, while its direct antitumor effects are a matter of ongoing debate …

Background Trousseau sign was the first demonstration of a close relationship between
cancer and thrombosis. Currently, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is five to six times more …

Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is an enzymatically inactive mammalian chitinase that is
associated with tumor inflammation. Previous research indicated that CHI3L1 is able to …

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy in worldwide, with substantial
mortality and morbidity if not treated effectively. According to various research, inflammatory …

Background The molecular content of urine is defined by filtration in the kidneys and by local
release from tissues lining the urinary tract. Pathological processes and different therapies …

Previous data indicate a role of IL-1 and IL-1RA imbalance in bladder carcinoma (BC); the
inhibition of IL-1 signaling might be considered a treatment option. Objective: To assess …