Since its initial discovery in Drosophila, Hedgehog (HH) signaling has long been associated
with foregut development. The mammalian genome expresses 3 HH ligands, with sonic …

The identification of endogenous sterol derivatives that modulate the Hedgehog (Hh)
signalling pathway has begun to suggest testable hypotheses for the cellular biological …

The periodic cartilage and smooth muscle structures in mammalian trachea are derived from
tracheal mesoderm, and tracheal malformations result in serious respiratory defects in …

Short bowel syndrome (SBS), a condition defined by insufficient absorptive intestinal
epithelium, is a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence up to 0.4 in 10,000 people …

Infections with the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are closely associated
with the development of inflammatory disorders and neoplastic transformation of the gastric …

Introduction 3. Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation–Overview 3.1. Hepatic stellate
cell activation 3.1. 1. Initiation 3.1. 2. Perpetuation 3.1. 3. Resolution 4. Permissive effects of …

In Drosophila larvae, growth and developmental timing are regulated by nutrition in a tightly
coordinated fashion. The networks that couple these processes are far from understood …

Cells communicate with neighboring cells and condition their local environment by secreting
soluble factors into the extracellular space. These well-studied facets of cell biology are …

Repair of adult liver, like many tissues, involves the coordinated response of a number of
different cell types. In adult livers, fibroblastic cells, ductular cells, inflammatory cells, and …

This manuscript describes a convergent synthesis and the revision of the relative
stereochemistry of nakiterpiosin, a marine C-nor-D-homosteroid. Our synthesis features a …