In this manuscript, I review the current and relevant classical studies on properties of the
Mollusca heart and their central nervous system including ganglia, neurons, and nerves …

Mollusks, including snails, possess two chambered hearts. The heart and cardiomyocytes of
snails have many similarities with those of mammals. Also, the biophysics and …

The ultrastructure of the auricles, the ostia, and the ventricle of L. asellus and T. marmorea is
described. The heart wall consists of an epicardium, a basement membrane, and an inner …

Despite extensive studies of cardiac bioactive peptides and their functions in molluscs,
soluble proteins expressed in the heart and secreted into the circulation have not yet been …

The present knowledge of the morphology of cephalopod central hearts is presented. The
cytological characteristics of the epicardial, myocardial and endothelial tissue layers are …

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are evolutionary conserved peptides well known as molecular
chaperones and stress proteins. Elevated levels of extracellular Hsps in blood plasma have …

Fine structure of intestinal muscle in the gastropod Buccinum undatum is described.
Myofibrillar organization is typical of non-pseudostriated molluscan muscles. The dense …

Granular cells (cells crowded with colourless granules staining with paraldehyde fuchsin
according to Gomori-Gabe and not containing calcium) are independent cells in the …

The atrium of the gastropod mollusc Achatina fulica receives rich innervation and contains
numerous granular cells (GCs). We studied the atrial innervation and discovered that axon …

In the present study, the anatomical association and functional interaction between nerve
fibres and granular cells in the atrium of the snail Achatina achatina are investigated using a …