Geroscience, the new interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the relationship between
aging and chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) and geriatric syndromes (GSs), is based on …

Oxidative stress is a major driving mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD. There is
increased oxidative stress in the lungs of COPD patients due to exogenous oxidants in …

Attempts to define concepts and things date back to the time of Aristotle, around 2,400 years
ago, when he proposed that a definition should state the essential nature or being of …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of
death worldwide and imposes a substantial economic burden. Gaining a thorough …

Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to
the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive …

COPD is characterized by chronic bronchitis, chronic airway obstruction, and emphysema,
leading to a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function. Inflammation is central for …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem that is
poorly treated by current therapies as it has proved difficult to treat the underlying …

The epithelial lining of the airway forms the first barrier against environmental insults, such
as inhaled cigarette smoke, which is the primary risk factor for the development of chronic …

The hypothesis that the small conducting airways were the major site of obstruction to airflow
in normal lungs was introduced by Rohrer in 1915 and prevailed until Weibel introduced a …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous syndrome associated
with abnormal inflammatory immune responses of the lung to noxious particles and gases …