Studying within-species variation has traditionally been limited to culturable bacterial
isolates and low-resolution microbial community fingerprinting. Metagenomic sequencing …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

Background Orthology analysis is an important part of data analysis in many areas of
bioinformatics such as comparative genomics and molecular phylogenetics. The ever …

Antibiotics were one of the great discoveries of the 20th century. However, resistance
appeared even in the earliest years of the antibiotic era. Antibiotic resistance continues to …

Ancestor–descendent relations play a cardinal role in evolutionary theory. Those relations
are determined by rooting phylogenetic trees. Existing rooting methods are hampered by …

We present a novel approach to visually locate bodies of research within the sciences, both
at each moment of time and dynamically. This article describes how this approach fits with …

With the continuously accelerating genome sequencing from diverse groups of archaea and
bacteria, accurate identification of gene orthology and availability of readily expandable …

Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic elements ubiquitous in bacteria, and commonly
transmissible between host cells. Their genomes include variable repertoires of 'accessory …

The complexity of life boils down to the definition:“self-sustained chemical system capable of
undergoing Darwinian evolution”(Joyce, 1994)[1]. The term “self-sustained” implies a set of …

Microbial archaeology is flourishing in the era of high-throughput sequencing, revealing the
agents behind devastating historical plagues, identifying the cryptic movements of …