Best practices in preclinical algesiometry (pain behaviour testing) have shifted over the past
decade as a result of technological advancements, the continued dearth of translational …

Nociception and pain is a large field of both neuroscience and medical research. Over time,
various tests and models were developed in rodents to provide tools for fundamental and …

Morphine is an alkaloid from the opium poppy used to treat pain. The potentially lethal side
effects of morphine and related opioids—which include fatal respiratory depression—are …

General anesthesia (GA) can produce analgesia (loss of pain) independent of inducing loss
of consciousness, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that GA …

Previous studies have shown that activation of p38 mitogen-activating kinase (MAPK) in
spinal microglia participates in the generation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain in …

The formalin test for nociception, which is predominantly used with rats and mice, involves
moderate, continuous pain generated by injured tissue. In this way it differs from most …

The study of pain in awake animals raises ethical, philosophical, and technical problems.
We review the ethical standards for studying pain in animals and emphasize that there are …

Spirulina platensis is a “super-food” and has attracted researchers' attention due to its anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. Herein, we investigated the …

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of phytol using
chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice and to assess its antioxidant effects in …

The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically
dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels …