In recent decades, chemotherapies targeting apoptosis have emerged and demonstrated
remarkable achievements. However, emerging evidence has shown that chemoresistance is …

Programmed cell death (PCD) refers to the way in which cells die depending on specific
genes encoding signals or activities. Apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis are all …

The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an
oligomeric complex comprised of the NOD-like receptor NLRP3, the adaptor ASC, and …

Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that is essential for the survival and
development of an organism. Emerging evidence also indicates that cell death contributes to …

Pyroptosis is closely associated with tumors and inflammatory diseases. By enhancing
pyroptosis, direct and immune-response-triggered deaths of tumor cells are increased …

Inflammasome signalling is an emerging pillar of innate immunity and has a central role in
the regulation of gastrointestinal health and disease. Activation of the inflammasome …

Life and health span can be prolonged by calorie limitation or by pharmacologic agents that
mimic the effects of caloric restriction. Both starvation and the genetic inactivation of nutrient …

Inflammation is a defense mechanism that can protect the host against microbe invasion. A
proper inflammatory response can maintain homeostasis, but continuous inflammation can …

Infection is a dynamic biological process underpinned by a complex interplay between the
pathogen and the host. Microbes from all domains of life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi …

Cadmium (Cd) and excess molybdenum (Mo) are harmful to animals, but the combined
nephrotoxic mechanism of Cd and Mo in duck remains poorly elucidated. To assess joint …