Every woman who lives past midlife will experience menopause, which, by definition, is
complete cessation of ovarian function. This process might occur spontaneously (natural …

The primary female sex hormones, estrogens, are responsible for the control of functions of
the female reproductive system, as well as the development of secondary sexual …

Despite the exceptional progress in breast cancer pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, and
treatment strategies, it remains a prominent cause of female mortality worldwide …

Bone is a multi-skilled tissue, protecting major organs, regulating calcium phosphate
balance and producing hormones. Its development during childhood determines height and …

Perimenopause is an important stage of female senescence. Epidemiological investigation
has shown that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is lower …

Many factors must be considered and discussed with women when initiating a contraceptive
method and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of them. In this review, we …

Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these
substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially …

Endometriosis is a frequent and chronic inflammatory disease with impacts on reproduction,
health and quality of life. This disorder is highly estrogen-dependent and the purpose of …

Estrogen is a steroid hormone that has critical roles in reproductive development, bone
homeostasis, cardiovascular remodeling and brain functions. However, estrogen also …

The teleology of sex differences has been argued since at least as early as Aristotle's
controversial Generation of Animals more than 300 years BC, which reflects the sex bias of …