In the past 15 years, both human and animal studies have advanced our understanding of
the effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on behavioral and neural development …

Background: Despite good evidence that ethanol abuse in adulthood is more likely the
earlier human adolescents begin drinking, it is unclear why the early onset of drinking …

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can reprogram the development of cells and tissues,
resulting in a spectrum of physical and neurobehavioral teratology. PAE immediately …

Animal models of prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) have indicated a facilitatory effect of PEE
on adolescent ethanol intake, but few studies have assessed the effects of moderate PEE …

Prenatal ethanol exposure significantly increases later predisposition for alcohol intake, but
the mechanisms associated with this phenomenon remain hypothetical. This study analyzed …

Near-term fetuses of different mammalian species, including humans, exhibit functional
sensory and learning capabilities. The neurobiological literature indicates that the unborn …

Background: Previous studies have shown that prenatal exposure during gestational days
17 to 20 to low or moderate doses of ethanol (1 or 2 g/kg) increases alcohol intake in infant …

The motivational effects of drugs play a key role during the transition from casual use to
abuse and dependence. Ethanol reinforcement has been successfully studied through …

Depression usually emerges during adolescence, is significantly more frequent in women,
and exhibits comorbidity with alcohol (ethanol) use disorders. Most of the pre-clinical studies …

Adolescents are sensitive to the anxiolytic effect of ethanol, and evidence suggests that they
may be more sensitive to stress than adults. Relatively little is known, however, about age …