Establishing behavioural repeatability is important in animal personality research; however,
a range of factors can influence repeatability. Experimental design, particularly acclimation …

Behavioral flexibility provides an individual with the ability to adapt its behavior in response
to environmental changes. Studies on mammals, birds, and teleosts indicate greater …

Male sexually selected signals can indicate competitive ability by honestly signaling fitness-
relevant traits such as condition or performance. However, behavior can also influence …

Genital morphology exhibits tremendous variation and is intimately linked with fitness.
Sexual selection, nonmating natural selection and neutral forces have been explored as …

The question of why variation is maintained in personality traits is an evolutionary puzzle.
According to the condition‐dependence hypothesis, such traits depend on condition, which …

The concept of animal personality is based on consistent individual differences in behaviour,
yet little is known about the factors responsible for such variation. Theory based on sex …

A multi-trait, multi-test approach to investigate the convergence or discrimination between
behavioural tests putatively targeting the same or different animal personality traits has been …

Multiple behaviors can correlate with each other at the individual level (behavioral
syndrome), and behavioral syndromes can vary in their direction between populations within …

Behavioral mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding are common in the natural world and are
believed to have evolved as a response to the negative consequences of inbreeding …

Maternal effects are ubiquitous, but paternal effects, the nongenetic influence of fathers on
their offspring, were traditionally thought to be limited to animal species with paternal …