The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs)(including
obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising …

Despite its position as the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the
mechanisms underlying the plasma glucose level-lowering effects of metformin (1, 1 …

The metabolic pathways encoded by the human gut microbiome constantly interact with host
gene products through numerous bioactive molecules. Primary bile acids (BAs) are …

Obesity is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and dysbiosis of the gut
microbiota. Spermidine, a polyamine that acts as an autophagy inducer, has important …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are
associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Emerging evidence suggests that small …

The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut
microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of the role of …

Autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and
rheumatoid arthritis, have distinct clinical presentations but share underlying patterns of gut …

Diverse microbial signatures within the intestinal microbiota have been associated with
intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases, but whether these candidate microbes …

Secondary bile acids (SBAs) are derived from primary bile acids (PBAs) in a process reliant
on biosynthetic capabilities possessed by few microbes. To evaluate the role of BAs in …

Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes cardiopulmonary and vascular complications,
ranging in severity. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of the novel SARS-CoV2 …