The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) continues to increase despite substantial
research. Mounting evidence states that dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics play a …

Backgound Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenolic substance which can be sourced naturally
from plant sources and can also be synthesized industrially. In-depth study on GA in recent …

Neurotoxicity can be resulted from many diverse clinical drugs, which has been a cause of
concern to human populations across the world. The detection of drug-induced neurotoxicity …

Animal fat and iron-rich diets are risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). The heterocyclic
aromatic amines (HAAs) harman and norharman are neurotoxicants formed in many foods …

Studying the initial molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD),
primarily in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, is one of the priorities in neurology. Of …

Gamma-interferon (γ-IFN) significantly inhibits infection by replication-defective viral vectors
derived from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or murine leukemia virus …

Death of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the
human brain is the characteristic pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). On …

Exogenous and endogenous exposure to aldehydes is seen worldwide. Aldehydes are
closely associated with human diseases, especially reproductive toxicity. However, the effect …

Kaji-ichigoside F1 (KF1), a natural oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin, is the main active
constituent from Rosa roxburghii. In the southwest regions of China, particularly in Guizhou …

The alcohol flushing response is experienced by 36–45% of East Asians after they consume
a small amount of alcohol. Because individuals with this response are unable to metabolize …