Adolescence encompasses a sensitive developmental period of enhanced clinical
vulnerability to nicotine, tobacco, and e‐cigarettes. While there are sociocultural influences …

Schizophrenia is a disease of abnormal brain development. Considerable evidence now
indicates that environmental factors have a causative role in schizophrenia. Elevated …

Spanning functions from the simplest reflex arc to complex cognitive processes, neural
circuits have diverse functional roles. In the cerebral cortex, functional domains such as …

Questions about the nature of normative and atypical development in adolescence have
taken on special significance in the last few years, as scientists have begun to recast old …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and
cardiovascular disease, has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and brain …

The human brain undergoes significant changes in both its structural architecture and
functional organization across the life span. Advances in neuroimaging techniques over the …

Adolescent brain maturation is characterized by the emergence of executive function
mediated by the prefrontal cortex, eg, goal planning, inhibition of impulsive behavior and set …

Event-related fMRI was employed to characterize differences in brain activation between
children ages 8–12 and adults related to two forms of cognitive control: interference …

Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology now allow the tracing of
developmental changes in the brains of children. We applied computer-matching algorithms …

Alcohol and substance abuse disorders involve continued use of substances despite
negative consequences, ie loss of behavioral control of drug use. The frontal-cortical areas …