Epilepsy affects~ 65 million people worldwide. First-line treatment options include> 20
antiseizure medications, but seizure control is not achieved in approximately one-third of …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic, highly selective barrier primarily formed by
endothelial cells connected by tight junctions that separate the circulating blood from the …

Importance Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a marker of reactive astrogliosis that
increases in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of individuals with Alzheimer disease …

Neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are rapidly induced in the
brain after acute cerebral injuries that are associated with an enhanced risk for epilepsy in …

Pesticides are omnipresent, and they pose significant environmental and health risks.
Translational studies indicate that acute exposure to high pesticide levels is detrimental, and …

Astrocytes are specialized non-neuronal glial cells of the central nervous system,
contributing to neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission (gliotransmission). Astrocytes …

The term neurovascular unit (NVU) describes the structural and functional liaison between
specialized brain endothelium, glial and mural cells, and neurons. Within the NVU, the blood …

Cell cultures are used in pharmaceutical, medical and biological sciences. Due to the ethical
and cost limitations of in vivo models, the replaceable cell model that is more closely related …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a relatively recent concept that clearly describes the
relationship between brain cells and their blood vessels. The components of the NVU …

Pericytes, as a key cellular part of the blood-brain barrier, play an important role in the
maintenance of brain neurovascular unit. These cells participate in brain homeostasis by …