Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal
boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by …

Introduction Sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm are mediated by complex, yet still not fully
understood, interactions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems operating at the …

Plastic particles have been proven to be abundant in the aquatic environment, raising
concerns about their potential toxic effects. In the present study, we determined the …

Cocaine is the leading cause for drug–abuse-related visits to emergency departments, most
of which are due to cardiovascular complaints. Through its diverse pathophysiological …

The synapsins are a family of neuronal phosphoproteins evolutionarily conserved in
invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. Their best-characterised function is to modulate …

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are secreted by neurons and relay messages to target
cells. The goal of in vivo electrochemistry is to provide a real-time view of neurotransmitters …

Aptamers that undergo conformational changes upon small-molecule recognition have been
shown to gate the ionic flux through nanopores by rearranging the charge density within the …

The striatum is a heterogeneous structure with a diverse range of neuron types and
neuromodulators. Three decades of anatomical and biochemical studies have established …

The monoaminergic neuron, in particular the dopaminergic neuron, is central to mediating
the hedonic and addictive properties of drugs of abuse. The effects of amphetamine (AMPH) …

Carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been a useful tool for measuring rapid changes
in neurotransmitters because of their small size, sensitivity, and good electrochemical …