Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an often overlooked and common complication of
diabetes mellitus. CAN is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality …

Proteins are a potential source of health-promoting biomolecules with medical,
nutraceutical, and food applications. Nowadays, bioactive peptides production, its isolation …

Cardiomyocytes are one of the most mitochondria-rich cell types in the body, with∼ 30–40%
of the cell volume being composed of mitochondria. Mitochondria are well established as …

Aims Aside from lowering blood glucose, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1
RAs) attract much attention because of their cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study …

Microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) oxidative damage resulting from
hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury is responsible for microcirculation perfusion …

Dipeptydil-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are available as oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs for
the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Their metabolic effect is mediated through sparing incretin …

Diabetic autonomic neuropathies are a heterogeneous and progressive disease entity and
commonly complicate both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the aetiology is not …

Abstract Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (commonly referred to as gliptins) are a
novel class of oral antihyperglycaemic agents with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone secreted primarily from the intestinal
L-cells in response to meals, modulates nutrient homeostasis via actions exerted in multiple …

Aims New drugs for type 2 diabetes need to demonstrate their cardiovascular safety, due
regulatory requirements from the Food and Drug Administration. For this reason, glucagon …