In this essay I consider how biologists understand 'causation'and 'evolutionary process',
drawing attention to some idiosyncrasies in the use of these terms. I suggest that research …

Recent theoretical work has identified a tightly constrained sense in which genes carry
representational content. Representational properties of the genome are founded in the …

Ocean warming and acidification are concomitant global drivers that are currently
threatening the survival of marine organisms. How species will respond to these changes …

Parental effects are any effect parents may have on the phenotype of their offspring over and
above direct genetic transmission. By adaptively adjusting the phenotypes of their offspring …

Niche construction occurs when the traits of an organism influence the environment that it
experiences. Research has focused on niche-constructing traits that are fixed within …

Parental effects can greatly affect offspring performance and are thus expected to impact
population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. Most studies have focused on maternal …

It is often assumed that the transfer of maternal glucocorticoids (GCs; eg, corticosterone or
cortisol) to offspring is an inevitable cost associated with adverse or stressful conditions …

We review models of the Baldwin effect, ie, the hypothesis that adaptive learning (ie,
learning to improve fitness) accelerates genetic evolution of the phenotype. Numerous …

A critical question in symbiosis research is where and how organisms obtain beneficial
microbial symbionts in different ecological contexts. Microbiota of juveniles are often derived …

Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have increasingly been used as a basis for
combining capture–recapture data types with variable levels of individual identity …