Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are mixtures of two components, namely solid particles
and fluid (gas) phase. They macroscopically behave as dense, multiphase gravity currents …

This review describes a range of natural processes leading to the formation of turbulent
buoyant plumes, largely relating to volcanic processes, in which there are localized, intense …

Explosive volcanic jets present an unusual dynamic situation of reversing buoyancy. Their
initially negative buoyancy with respect to ambient fluid first opposes the motion, but can …

Explosive volcanic eruptions involve the ejection of dense mixtures of ash and gas from a
volcanic vent at high speed and pressure. This mixture is generated as liquid magma rises …

Modelling has been used in the study of volcanic systems for more than 100 years, building
upon the approach first applied by Sir James Hall in 1815. Informed by observations of …

During explosive volcanic eruptions, fragmented silicic magma and volatiles exit the vent
with pressures typically in the range 10–100 atm and at the speed of sound of the mixture …

A plinian pumice fall deposit associated with the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (36 ka,
Phlegraean Fields caldera, Italy) occurs at the base of the distal grey ignimbrite in 15 …

Hazardous effects of tephra fallout on Montserrat include roof collapse, aviation threats,
health hazards from respirable crystalline silica, crop pollution, road safety and lahar …

When magma vents into the sea or a crater lake, the ensuing magma‐water interaction can
affect the style of eruption dramatically. If the mass of surface water incorporated into the …

The maximum height reached by a turbulent plume rising in a stratified environment is a key
tool to estimate the flux released at its source, particularly for large‐scale flows because flux …