The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

Deciding what to do and when to move is vital to our survival. Clinical and fundamental
studies have identified basal ganglia circuits as critical for this process. The main input …

The basal ganglia play key roles in adaptive behaviors guided by reward and punishment.
However, despite accumulating knowledge, few studies have tested how heterogeneous …

A classic view of the striatum holds that activity in direct and indirect pathways oppositely
modulates motor output. Whether this involves direct control of movement, or reflects a …

The ability to suppress actions that lead to a negative outcome and explore alternative
actions is necessary for optimal decision making. Although the basal ganglia have been …

Over the last few decades, advances in human and animal‐based techniques have greatly
enhanced our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders …

The synaptic pathways in the striatum are central to basal ganglia functions including motor
control, learning and organization, action selection, acquisition of motor skills, cognitive …

The striosome compartment within the dorsal striatum has been implicated in reinforcement
learning and regulation of motivation, but how striosomal neurons contribute to these …

Prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) induces autism spectrum
disorder (ASD) in humans and autistic-like behaviors in rodents, which makes it a good …

Neurons comprising nigrostriatal system play important roles in action selection. However, it
remains unclear how this system integrates recent outcome information with current action …