Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The
main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age …

It has been noticed in recent years that the unfavorable effects of the gut microbiota could
exhaust host vigor and life, yet knowledge and theory are just beginning to be established …

Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system have been described
mostly in the context of diseases. More recent studies have begun to reveal how certain …

Purpose Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, refers to the
constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by people suffering persistent symptoms …

The immune and nervous systems have unique developmental trajectories that individually
build intricate networks of cells with highly specialized functions. These two systems have …

Individual reports suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) contains multiple immune
cell types with diverse roles in tissue homeostasis, immune defense, and neurological …

The nature of fluid dynamics within the brain parenchyma is a focus of intensive research. Of
particular relevance is its participation in diseases associated with protein accumulation and …

Inflammation is a complex biological response fundamental to how the body deals with
injury and infection to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury and effect repair. Unlike a …

Exosomes and extracellular nanovesicles (NV) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)
may be used for the treatment of ischemic stroke owing to their multifaceted therapeutic …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protects the central nervous system (CNS) and analyzing CSF
aids the diagnosis of CNS diseases, but our understanding of CSF leukocytes remains …