There is abundant evidence to show that nicotine is the principal addictive component of
tobacco smoke. The results of laboratory studies have shown that nicotine has many of the …

There is accumulating evidence that the hormonal milieu may influence alcohol and drug
addiction in women. The changing levels of anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones that …

Addiction is a debilitating condition that extracts enormous social and economic tolls.
Despite several decades of research, our knowledge of its etiology, preventive measures …

The ability to examine genetically engineered mice in a chronic intravenous (IV) nicotine self-
administration paradigm will be a powerful tool for investigating the contribution of specific …

Rationale Although nicotine exposure upregulates the α4β2* subtype of nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the upregulation of nAChRs in non-human primates …

Rationale Methods for establishing robust long-term self-administration of intravenous (iv)
nicotine, the primary psychoactive agent in tobacco, are not well-established in laboratory …

This report presents the conclusions reached and recommendations made by the members
of the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) at its seventh meeting in …

A 62-year-old man with a history of diabetes and hypertension presents to your office for
ongoing care of multiple medical conditions. Several years ago, he developed activity …

An attempt to determine the receptor selective nature of some of nicotine's behavioral effects
was undertaken through the evaluation of the ability of two nicotinic α4β2*-selective receptor …

Tobacco kills every year approximately six million people as a direct result of direct use, and
it is still considered one of the most excruciating threats for human health worldwide. The …