4004 ESC Guidelines label use of medication should be limited to situations where it is in
the patient's interest to do so, with regard to the quality, safety, and efficacy of care, and only …

Off-label use of medication may be presented in these guidelines if a sufficient level of
evidence shows that it can be considered medically appropriate to a given condition and if …

Abstract Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator)(Netherlands),
P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator)(Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt) …

Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of
Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and …

Aims This report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas Project updates and
expands upon the widely cited 2019 report in presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD) …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD) incidence and mortality rates are
declining in many countries in Europe, but it is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality …

The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a low glomerular filtration rate or high
albuminuria, and affects 15–20% of adults globally. CKD increases the risk of various …

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been identified as a reliable alternative biomarker
of insulin resistance (IR). Recently, a considerable number of studies have provided robust …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Decades of grassroots
campaigns have helped to raise awareness about the impact of cardiovascular disease in …