The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in
conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement …

Following Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common
neurodegenerative disorder, sharing an unclear pathophysiology, a multifactorial profile …

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative
condition diagnosed in North America. We recently demonstrated, using multiple …

The endotoxin hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the idea that lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) endotoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. LPS endotoxins are found …

Network analytical tools are increasingly being applied to brain imaging maps of resting
metabolic activity (PET) or blood oxygenation-dependent signals (functional MRI) to …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative brain disease
(NBD) after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Statins are the most common lipid‐lowering agents …

Activating mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) represent the most common
cause of monogenic Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 is a large multidomain protein kinase that …

Neuroinflammation is a critical degradative condition affecting neurons in the brain.
Progressive neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's …

The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been recognized since its description by
James Parkinson over 200 years ago. The complexity of motor and non-motor PD …

Mitophagy impairment and oxidative stress are cardinal pathological hallmarks in
Parkinson's disease (PD), a common age-related neurodegenerative condition. The specific …