It is unclear whether a social gradient in health outcomes exists for people with moderate-to-
severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). We critically review the literature for evidence of …

We are often told that we should be drinking more water, but the rationale for this remains
unclear and no recommendations currently exist for a healthy fluid intake supported by …

Background Serum phosphate is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality
in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), however data on the association of these …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition associated with significant amenable
morbidity and mortality, primarily related to the substantially increased risk of cardiovascular …

The main goal of the treatment of patients is its effectiveness and safety. However, all
currently prescribed drugs being used also have certain adverse effects, which might be …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major burden among sub-Saharan African
(SSA) populations. However, differences in CKD prevalence between rural and urban …

Abstract Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major non-communicable chronic
disease that is associated with adverse clinical and economic outcomes. Passive …

There were 63,162 adult patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the UK on
31 December 2016, an absolute increase of 3.1% from 2015.• The actual number of patients …

Early detection of long term conditions is predicated on assumptions that lifestyle changes
and medications can be used to reduce or manage the risk of condition progression …

Background There is concern that not all cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are known
to general practitioners, leading to an underestimate of its true prevalence. We carried out …