During sleep, animals do not eat, reproduce or forage. Sleeping animals are vulnerable to
predation. Yet, the persistence of sleep despite evolutionary pressures, and the deleterious …

Sleep disturbances (SD) accompany many neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting SD is
a transdiagnostic process that can account for behavioral deficits and influence underlying …

Wounding and infection trigger a protective innate immune response that includes the
production of antimicrobial peptides in the affected tissue as well as increased sleep. Little is …

Sleep is ancient and fulfills higher brain functions as well as basic vital processes. Little is
known about how sleep emerged in evolution and what essential functions it was selected …

Sleep requires sleep-active neurons that depolarize to inhibit wake circuits. Sleep-active
neurons are under the control of homeostatic mechanisms that determine sleep need …

Many lines of evidence point to links between sleep regulation and energy homeostasis, but
mechanisms underlying these connections are unknown. During Caenorhabditis elegans …

The ellipsoid body (EB) is a major structure of the central complex of the Drosophila
melanogaster brain. Twenty-two subtypes of EB ring neurons have been identified based on …

Sleep is a fundamental conserved physiological state in animals and humans. It may serve
multiple functions, ranging from energy conservation to higher brain operation …

Starvation caused by adverse feeding stresses or food shortages has been reported to result
in sleep loss in animals. However, how the starvation signal interacts with the central …

Animals must slow or halt locomotion to integrate sensory inputs or to change direction. In
Caenorhabditis elegans, the GABAergic and peptidergic neuron RIS mediates …