Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that recently re-emerged in
many parts of the world causing large-scale outbreaks. CHIKV infection presents as a febrile …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been responsible for a devastating pandemic since March …

Alphaviruses are emerging and reemerging viruses that cause disease syndromes ranging
from incapacitating arthritis to potentially fatal encephalitis. While infection by arthritogenic …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral
infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the …

Background Toll-like receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory disease …

Despite a large population and limited health infrastructure, the incidence and mortality of
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been lower in South Asia than many regions …

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne virus that has caused several
outbreaks in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide during the last 50 years. The virus is …

Mosquito-borne diseases constitute a large portion of infectious diseases, causing more
than 700,000 deaths annually. Mosquito-transmitted viruses, such as yellow fever, dengue …

Chikungunya (CHIK) patients may be vulnerable to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
However, presently there are no anti-COVID-19/CHIK therapeutic alternatives available. The …

Background Cervicitis is one of the major health problems amongst women caused by
infection of various pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria …