Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are a class of hormones that are widely abused for
their muscle-building and strength-increasing properties in high, nontherapeutic, dosages …

Background Because trends in the epidemiology and burden of gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) are changing, reinvestigating the geographical differences and trend …

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and mortality rates are still
high. Primary preventive strategies, aimed to reduce risk factors and promote protective …

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate
into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications …

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a multifaceted disorder encompassing a family
of syndromes attributable to, or exacerbated by, gastroesophageal reflux that impart …

Clostridioides difficile infection occurs when the bacterium produces toxin that causes
diarrhea and inflammation of the colon. These guidelines indicate the preferred approach to …

Objective To determine whether new users of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are at an
increased risk of gastric cancer compared with new users of histamine-2 receptor …

Gastric cancer is still an important disease causing many deaths worldwide, although there
has been a marked reduction in prevalence during the last few decades. The decline in …

This article is published as part of a supplement sponsored by Kidney Disease: Improving
Global Outcomes (KDIGO). The opinions or views expressed in this supplement are those of …

Background Current treatments for functional dyspepsia have limited efficacy or present
safety issues. We aimed to assess spore-forming probiotics in functional dyspepsia as …