Background: Several studies have been conducted to prove the bidirectional relationship
between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression. These two major illnesses share …

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most important cause of premature
death and disability worldwide. Environmental degradation and cardiovascular diseases are …

Background Interest in applying a complex systems approach to understanding
socioeconomic inequalities in health is growing, but an overview of existing research on this …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common denominator in both biological aging and
cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathology. Understanding the protagonist role of …

Despite the availability and use of numerous cholesterol-lowering drugs, atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally. Many …

Background: The brain–heart axis is an intra-and bidirectional complex that links central
nervous system dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction. In recent decades, brain-derived …

Background Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common menstrual disorder associated
with multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. In addition, HMB is …

There is a mounting clinical, psychosocial, and socioeconomic burden worldwide as the
prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Poor diet is the leading cause of mortality in the US due to the direct relationship with diet-
related chronic diseases, disproportionally affects underserved communities, and …

Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with various diseases, including
cardiovascular conditions. While exercise is recognized as an effective approach for …