We define a new concept of 'active milieu'that unifies all components of nervous tissue
(neuronal and glial compartments, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, and vasculature) …

Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or …

Cellular perturbations underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are primarily studied in human
postmortem samples and model organisms. Here, we generated a single-nucleus atlas from …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of endothelial
cells (ECs), neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and pericytes. Each component is …

The functional contribution of microglia to normal brain development, healthy brain function,
and neurological disorders is increasingly recognized. However, until recently, the nature of …

Microglia are the resident innate immune cells in the brain with a major role in orchestrating
immune responses. They also provide a frontline of host defense in the central nervous …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a complex,
poorly understood pathogenesis. Cerebral atrophy, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and …

In human demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), an imbalance between
demyelination and remyelination can trigger progressive degenerative processes. The …

The physiological balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain is significantly
affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several neuroactive compounds and their signaling …

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by
brain accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) and alpha-synuclein (αSYN) …