Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease in the elderly and the
most common cause of human dementia. AD is characterized by accumulation of abnormal …

Aging is a natural process, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of
diseases, ie, aging-related diseases, such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer disease …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are currently incurable diseases that cause progressive
degeneration of nerve cells. Many of the disease-causing proteins of NDs are “undruggable” …

Background Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly.
Neuronal death and synaptic dysfunctions are considered the main hallmarks of this …

ABSTRACT LAMP2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2) is one of the major protein
components of the lysosomal membrane. There currently exist three LAMP2 isoforms …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by
extracellular deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) leading to cognitive decline. Evidence from …

Metformin as a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment is widely studied.
Metformin can reduce liver glucose output and improve insulin resistance. Recent evidence …

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation mechanism through
lysosomes. By targeting the KFERQ motif of the substrate, CMA is responsible for the …

Human Islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) from pancreatic β cells in the islet of Langerhans
has different physiological functions including inhibiting the release of insulin and glucagon …

Metformin, one of the first-line of hypoglycemic drugs, has cardioprotective, anti-
inflammatory and anticancer activities, in addition to its proven hypoglycemic effects …