Our movements and actions stem from complex processes in the central nervous system.
Precise adaptation of locomotor movements is essential for effectively interacting with the …

The ability to generate and control locomotor movements depends on complex interactions
between many areas of the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, and the …

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a brain stem area whose stimulation triggers
graded forward locomotion. How MLR neurons recruit downstream vsx2+(V2a) …

Locomotion requires precise control of the strength and speed of muscle contraction and is
achieved by recruiting functionally distinct subtypes of motor neurons (MNs). MNs are …

The control of movement in living organisms represents a fundamental task that the brain
has evolved to solve. One crucial aspect is how the nervous system organizes the …

Mature vertebrates maintain posture using vestibulospinal neurons that transform sensed
instability into reflexive commands to spinal motor circuits. Postural stability improves across …

Avian flight is guided by optic flow—the movement across the retina of images of surfaces
and edges in the environment due to self-motion. In all vertebrates, there is a short pathway …

Glyphosate, a globally prevalent herbicide known for its selective inhibition of the shikimate
pathway in plants, is now implicated in physiological effects on humans and animals …

To transform intentions into actions, movement instructions must pass from the brain to
downstream motor circuits through descending neurons (DNs). These include small sets of …

In 1996 we published a review article (182) describing the state of knowledge about the
structure and function of the central pattern generating circuits important for producing …